Products
Testosterone Hormone
As a steroid hormone produced naturally by the body, testosterone is a key component in maintaining health.
Testosterone stimulates growth in parts of the body sensitive to androgens, promoting muscle and bone development as well as growth of those parts of the body with specific gender characteristics.
Testosterone is primarily administered to treat conditions associated with hormonal deficiency but in sports its anabolic, growth effects are most sought after, where the synthesis of proteins in muscle tissue is significantly accelerated.
Testing
The most common anti-doping test is that of measuring the testosterone / epitestosterone ratio in a sample of an athlete's urine.
The limit of this ratio is normally set at 4:1 and in positive test results, that level has often been much higher.
Tests may also demonstrate that the testosterone found in the sample has synthetic rather than natural origins, thus generating clear evidence of doping.
| Incidents 111 | Type | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Rasmussen, M admission (Rabobank) | Admission statement | 31/01/2013 |
| Rasmussen, M admission (CSC) | Admission statement | 31/01/2013 |
| PDM teamwide doping | Admission statement | 23/01/2013 |
| Bouwmans admission | Admission statement | 17/01/2013 |
| Armstrong admission | Admission statement | 14/01/2013 |
| Gasparre admission | Admission statement | 26/11/2012 |
| Leukemans appeal | Appeal against sanction | 19/11/2012 |
| White suspension | Temporary suspension | 13/10/2012 |
| Bruyneel resignation | Termination of contract | 12/10/2012 |
| Zabriskie suspension | Temporary suspension | 10/10/2012 |
| Barry suspension | Temporary suspension | 10/10/2012 |
| Vandevelde suspension | Temporary suspension | 10/10/2012 |
| Hincapie admission | Admission statement | 10/10/2012 |
| Leipheimer suspension | Temporary suspension | 10/10/2012 |
| Danielson suspension | Temporary suspension | 10/10/2012 |
| Hamilton admission 2 | Admission statement | 30/08/2012 |
| Armstrong permanent ban | Permanent ban | 24/08/2012 |
| US Postal lifetime bans | Permanent ban | 10/07/2012 |
| US Postal investigation 2 (2005-2007) | Investigation | 12/06/2012 |
| US Postal investigation 2 (2003-2004) | Investigation | 12/06/2012 |
| Operación Carrera | Investigation | 21/06/2011 |
| Landis admission 2 | Admission statement | 30/01/2011 |
| Matschiner admission | Admission statement | 12/10/2010 |
| Matschiner conviction | Criminal conviction | 11/10/2010 |
| Landis admission 1 | Admission statement | 20/05/2010 |
| Via Col Padua investigation | Investigation | 16/06/2009 |
| Freiburg Report - T-Mobile | Investigation | 13/05/2009 |
| Mantova investigation | Investigation | 01/04/2009 |
| Matschiner arrest | Arrest | 30/03/2009 |
| Kerschbaum fired | Termination of contract | 22/03/2009 |
| Kerschbaum arrest | Arrest | 21/03/2009 |
| Landuyt conviction | Criminal conviction | 16/12/2008 |
| Freiburg criminal investigation: Telekom | Investigation | 13/10/2008 |
| Bebto suspension | Permanent ban | 10/07/2008 |
| Landis appeal 2 | Appeal against sanction | 30/06/2008 |
| Balestri, Barotti RS and Barotti A suspensions | Permanent ban | 10/03/2008 |
| Vila positive | Positive test | 03/03/2008 |
| Leukemans positive | Positive test | 26/09/2007 |
| Landis appeal 1 | Appeal against sanction | 20/09/2007 |
| Sinkewitz admission | Admission statement | 31/07/2007 |
| Koerts admission 1 | Admission statement | 25/07/2007 |
| Moreni positive | Positive test | 19/07/2007 |
| Alessandri admission | Admission statement | 29/06/2007 |
| Sinkewitz positive 1 | Positive test | 08/06/2007 |
| Heinrich admission | Admission statement | 24/05/2007 |
| Schmid admission 1 | Admission statement | 23/05/2007 |
| Kessler positive | Positive test | 24/04/2007 |
| Fertonani positive | Positive test | 17/02/2007 |
| Cofidis convictions | Criminal conviction | 19/01/2007 |
| Landaluze cleared | Appeal against sanction | 19/12/2006 |
| Skibby admission | Admission statement | 19/11/2006 |
| Landis positive | Positive test | 20/07/2006 |
| Puerto - Pantani link | Hearing evidence | 03/07/2006 |
| Roux admission 2 | Admission statement | 19/06/2006 |
| Roux admission 1 | Admission statement | 19/06/2006 |
| Nose positive | Positive test | 11/06/2006 |
| Bologna appeal | Appeal against sanction | 23/05/2006 |
| Papp positive | Positive test | 07/05/2006 |
| Urweider positive | Positive test | 14/02/2006 |
| Rumsas, R conviction | Criminal conviction | 26/01/2006 |
| Rumsas, E conviction | Criminal conviction | 26/01/2006 |
| Ficek conviction | Criminal conviction | 26/01/2006 |
| Este acquittals | Hearing evidence | 23/09/2005 |
| Rumsas, R arrest | Arrest | 29/06/2005 |
| Lazzaro conviction | Criminal conviction | 11/06/2005 |
| Landaluze positive 1 | Positive test | 11/06/2005 |
| Dimitrov positive | Positive test | 18/04/2005 |
| Este trial | Hearing evidence | 09/11/2004 |
| Bologna trial conviction | Criminal conviction | 01/10/2004 |
| Pfannberger positive 1 | Positive test | 27/06/2004 |
| Castelblanco positive | Positive test | 19/06/2004 |
| Oil for Drugs raids | Arrest | 10/06/2004 |
| Kelme legal investigation | Investigation | 21/05/2004 |
| Cofidis resignations | Termination of contract | 05/05/2004 |
| Kelme sports investigation | Investigation | 30/03/2004 |
| Manzano revelations 2 [laundry list] | Admission statement | 25/03/2004 |
| Sassone admission | Admission statement | 25/03/2004 |
| Yates, J positive | Violation | 10/03/2004 |
| Sassone arrest | Arrest | 13/01/2004 |
| Landuyt arrest | Arrest | 05/09/2003 |
| Bergmann fired | Termination of contract | 04/02/2003 |
| Rumsas, E arrest | Arrest | 28/07/2002 |
| Rütimann positive 2 | Positive test | 05/05/2002 |
| Simeoni admission | Admission statement | 12/02/2002 |
| Blitz raids [List 51] | Investigation | 06/06/2001 |
| Reporter admissions | Admission statement | 31/12/1999 |
| Botero suspension | Temporary suspension | 10/11/1999 |
| Ampler positive | Positive test | 28/07/1999 |
| Nigrelli raid | Investigation | 01/06/1999 |
| Henn positive | Positive test | 20/05/1999 |
| Møller positive | Positive test | 07/03/1999 |
| Casagrande appeal | Appeal against sanction | 10/01/1999 |
| Voet arrest | Arrest | 08/07/1998 |
| Casagrande positive | Positive test | 30/04/1998 |
| Sanders investigation | Investigation | 26/11/1997 |
| Skelde positive | Positive test | 10/08/1997 |
| Fontanelli positive | Positive test | 27/04/1996 |
| Millar, R positive | Positive test | 14/05/1992 |
| Theunisse positive 3 | Positive test | 13/06/1990 |
| Theunisse positive 2 | Positive test | 11/04/1990 |
| Yates, S adverse analytical finding | Investigation | 09/08/1989 |
| Andersen rehabilitation | Appeal against sanction | 26/11/1988 |
| Theunisse positive 1 | Positive test | 15/07/1988 |
| De La Cruz positive | Positive test | 06/07/1988 |
| Recio positive 2 | Positive test | 12/06/1988 |
| Andersen positive 6 | Positive test | 23/08/1987 |
| Contini positive | Positive test | 24/07/1987 |
| Bontempi positive | Positive test | 07/07/1987 |
| Yáñez positive | Positive test | 02/05/1987 |
| Maas positive | Positive test | 24/04/1981 |
| Van der Velde positive | Positive test | 19/04/1981 |
Sources
- Testosterone (definition), Wikipedia, accessed 07/09/2010
